Tattalin Arziki na Amurka a kan China Yana Sake fasalin Yanayin Fitar da Takalmin Tsaro

Manufofin harajin da gwamnatin Amurka ta dauka kan kayayyakin China, ciki har datakalman aminci, sun aika da girgiza ta hanyar sarkar samar da kayayyaki na duniya, musamman masu tasiri da masana'antun da masu fitar da kayayyaki a China. Daga watan Afrilun 2025, harajin haraji kan shigo da kayayyaki na kasar Sin ya karu zuwa 145% a karkashin tsarin "saba da haraji", karin harajin da ke da nasaba da abubuwan da suka shafi fentanyl. Wannan haɓaka ya tilasta masu fitar da takalma masu aminci don sake tunani dabarun, kewaya matsalolin farashi, da kuma gano sababbin damar kasuwa.

Takamaiman Tasirin Masana'antu

Takalmin tsaro, wanda aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin HS Code 6402, suna fuskantar tsattsauran jadawalin kuɗin fito da ke yin barazanar ribar riba. Misali, nau'i-nau'i na Sinanciaminci takalma Kudin dala $20 don samarwa yanzu ya jawo $5-$7 a cikin jadawalin kuɗin fito a ƙarƙashin sabon ƙimar 20-30%, yana tura farashin dillalai har zuwa $110. Hakan dai ya zubar da kimar kasar Sin a kasuwannin Amurka, inda a shekarar 2024 aka fitar da takalmi mai daraja RMB biliyan 137.4 kwatankwacin dalar Amurka biliyan 19 zuwa kasashen waje.

Rikicin yana da nasaba da katsewar sarkar kayayyaki. A baya dai masana'antun da yawa sun canza sheka zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya don gujewa harajin Amurka, amma a halin yanzu Vietnam na fuskantar harajin kashi 46% kan fitar da takalmi, wanda hakan ke kara matsi. Misali, Nike, wacce ke samar da rabin takalminta daga Vietnam, na iya buƙatar haɓaka farashin da 10-12% don daidaita farashin.

Martanin Kamfanoni da Sabuntawa

Masu fitar da takalman aminci na kasar Sin suna daidaitawa ta hanyar haɓakawa da haɓaka farashi. Lardin Fujian, babbar cibiyar masana'antu, ta ga kamfanoni kamar Zhangzhou Kaista Trading pivot zuwa manyan kayayyaki masu daraja kamar su anti-static andanti-tasiri takalma, samun ci gaban fitarwa na 180% a cikin 2024. Wasu kuma suna ba da damar yarjejeniyar ciniki ta kyauta (FTAs) don sake jigilar kayayyaki. Misali, Guangdong Baizhuo Shoes yana amfani da fa'idodin RCEP don fitarwa zuwa kasuwannin ASEAN, yana rage dogaro ga Amurka.

Haɓaka fasaha wata dabara ce. Kamfanoni kamar masana'antun da aka ba da izini na kwastam na Putian suna saka hannun jari a cikin takalman aminci mai wayo tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don gano haɗari na ainihi, daidaitawa tare da buƙatar duniya don ergonomic da haɗin gwiwar PPE na IoT. Wannan motsi ba kawai yana haɓaka ƙimar samfur ba amma har ma ya cancanci keɓancewar jadawalin kuɗin fito a ƙarƙashin US HTSUS 9903.01.34 idan abubuwan da aka samo daga Amurka sun wuce 20%.

Sake saita kasuwa

Kasuwancin takalmin aminci na Amurka yana yin ƙarfin gwiwa don raguwar buƙata. Tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace na takalma ya ragu da kashi 26.2% YoY a cikin Q1 2025 saboda hauhawar farashin kaya da hauhawar farashin farashi. A halin da ake ciki, kasar Sin na fitowa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar kasuwa ta madadin kasuwa. Kamfanoni na kasa da kasa kamar On Running suna shirin ninkawa kan kasar Sin, da nufin samun kashi 10% na tallace-tallacen duniya nan da shekarar 2025.

Manazarta sun yi hasashen fadada kasuwancin lafiyar lafiyar duniya dala biliyan 2.2 nan da shekarar 2029, wanda tsauraran ka'idojin aminci da ci gaban masana'antu ke jagoranta. Kamfanonin kasar Sin suna da matsayi mai kyau don kama wannan ci gaban ta hanyar mai da hankali kan kayan kore da keɓancewa, kamar ƙirar ƙirƙira don gine-gine, rijiyoyin mai.

Outlook na dogon lokaci 

Yayin da jadawalin kuɗin fito ke haifar da ƙalubale nan take, kuma suna haɓaka sauye-sauyen tsarin. Masu fitar da kayayyaki suna amfani da dabarar "China+1", suna kafa samar da kayan aiki a Mexico da Latin Amurka don ketare harajin Amurka. Bisa manufa, harajin ramuwar gayya da kasar Sin ta kakaba kan kayayyakin Amurka da kuma takaddamar WTO kan "kwan harajin makamai" na kara rashin tabbas.

A taƙaice, yaƙin harajin kuɗin fito na Amurka da China yana sake fasalin tsarinaminci takalmamasana'antu, tilasta bidi'a da diversification. Kamfanonin da suka ba da fifiko ga ƙarfin hali, haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kasuwanni masu tasowa za su iya fuskantar guguwar, yayin da waɗanda ke dogaro da sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki na gargajiya suna fuskantar iskar iska.